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Essentials-Read this first

 Literacy Milestones

    Birth to 5 years

    4 to 5 years

    5 to 6 years

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    7 to 8 years

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Understandings about print


The purpose of this little checklist is to check whether your child is ready to begin reading. 
It is adapted from Marie Clay's 'Concepts About Print' test.  I recommend her test booklets entitled 'Sand' and 'Stones' for a  detailed assessment of your child's early print concepts (M Clay, 1985). 
However, if you cannot get her test this short informal assessment will tell you most of what you need to know.
 

You will need to organise your five year old child with the book (a 'reader') that they are reading at this time.   You may need to have other similar books available.  The ideal book is one which has single lines of print on some pages and others with more than one line.

Read all of this page before you begin, so that you know what to expect, and to avoid 'coaching' your child.  You need to say just enough to keep them demonstrating their knowledge or lack of it.

Tick the boxes or leave them blank

   Understandings About Print

Date _______ Date _______
Knows the front from the back of the book    
Opens book to the first page    
Ignores the title page    
Points to first word to start the story    
Moves finger along the line of print as you read    
Points to each word in turn    
Matches each word 1:1 with your voice    
Returns to the beginning of the lower lines at the left    
Goes to the first word on the next page    
Knows the purpose of full stops    
Knows the purpose of commas    
Knows the purpose of quotation marks    
Knows the purpose of question marks    
Knows the purpose of exclamation marks `  
Knows what a 'word' is    
Knows what a 'letter' is    

How to Start

Give the book to the child to hold and explain what to do.  These are the sort of things you should say:

  • "Show me the front of the book/first page/last page."
  • "I am going to read this book to you, but I need you to show me where to look."
  • "Open the book to the first page."
  • "Use your finger (point) to show me where to start reading."
  • "Go to the next page."
  • "As I read, you keep moving your finger to keep me going."
  • "Where do I go next?"

Begin reading slowly and note the pointing behaviour of the child.  Even if their finger doesn't move encourage them to go to the next page, and repeat the instruction, "You need to point to the words as I read."

  • Note what happens at the end of a line of print. 

    • You might ask, "Where do I go next?" and see what happens.

  • Ask questions to check for knowledge of the features of print such as full stops, commas, quotation marks, question marks and exclamation marks.  eg.
    • "What does this mean?"
    • "How do I know when to stop reading?"

Record what your child can do, and what needs to be learned, and then set about demonstrating, modelling, playing, practising, etc. to teach the required skills.