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Introduction
Essentials-Read this first

Developmental Stages

    Stage 1

    Stage 2

    Stage 3

    Stage 4

    Stage 5

Assessment and Teaching
   School Readiness Checklist
   Pre-Reading Checklist
   Pre Reading Concepts
   Pre-sch Writing Examples
   School Entry Writing
       Checklist
   Computing Milestones
   Trouble Shooting
   Learning Style
   ABC Chart 1
   ABC Chart 2
   ABC Chart 3
   ABC Chart 4
   Reading Assessment
   Reading Strategies
   Self Esteem-PC
   Self Esteem-Child
   Self Esteem Adult
   Sight Words
   Core Vocabulary
   Reading Tests
   Miscue Examples
   Disab. and LD Planner
Activities
   Alphabet Activities
   Listening to Reading
   Transformations
   Sight Vocabulary
   Writing Conference
   Concentration
   Reading Activity
   Eyespan
   Teach Reading Strategies
   Phonics and Word Building
   Speed and Fluency
   Vocabulary Chart
   LEAP
Articles
   Natural Learning
   Teaching Reading Summary
   Book Selection
   Print Reversals
   Dyslexia
   Old and New Teaching
   Case Studies
   Learning from Parents
   Book Selection
   Learning Difficulties
   Spelling
Language Milestone   What it means   Links to Literacy
Recites and sings to an audience  Children who can get up in front of an audience at home and talk or sing their favourite song or rhyme are well on the way to building the foundations for literacy.

For a start you know that they have been immersed in language; you know that they have built up a storehouse of memories about print; and you know that they have self confidence enough to perform in front of an audience.   This is a very powerful way to build up self confidence.

If your child is hesitant about performing you could help at first by sitting them on your knee and perhaps quietly joining in, but not leading the performance.  You could use an older brother or sister in the same way.  You could also try using puppets, dress-ups, or masks to encourage them to perform.   Gently encourage your child to perform alone, and afterwards let him/her know that you recognise how they felt.   Ask how he/she feels now that it has been done.   Praise or other rewards are not necessary as the child must learn to please him/herself rather than the parent.

  Confident children are excellent learners because they are more willing to take risks.  Learning is a risky business.  If you are shy, and you try and fail, you lose face and become embarrassed.  Such children may learn that it is safer not to try.  Confident children, on the other hand are quite resilient and are quite willing to have a go at something (eg. spelling, reading, counting) and are not easily put off by lack of success.  They seem to know that you have to take risks and make some mistakes in order to learn.

Adults can make a difference to a child's confidence by responding to them in effective ways.  For instance, when a child shows a drawing with a story (and you can't work out what it is) you wouldn't want the child to know that.  You would want the child to feel proud of their work because you, as the understanding adult, knows that this work shows that this is the stage that the child is at right now. You mustn't dent their confidence.  Your experience of children learning to speak tells you that whatever else you might do or say, you must leave the child wanting to continue to draw and write, because only through drawing and writing will the child improve his drawing and writing!  So think about what you would do?

You could say:  
"That looks like a great story, read it to me!" 
or, "Tell me all about it".
Or you could respond to the effort that went into it,  
"I saw you doing that.  You worked on it for a long time!" 

You then need to show that you value it by placing it on the fridge where everyone can see it, and comment on it every chance you get to show how proud you are of his/her work!   

Remember, don't try to correct errors or teach from their work as that will devalue it and deprive them of confidence.

Teaching Point

You can however, note one thing that your child is close to knowing,  and at some later time demonstrate how to do it.